dairy
Dear sir,
these are the minimum maintance details need to be fallowed.
8. Package of Common Management Practices Recommended for Dairy
Farmers
Modern and well established scientific principles, practices and skills should be used to obtain maximum economic benefits from dairy farming. Some of the major norms and recommended practices are as follows :
I. Housing:
1. Construct shed on dry, properly raised ground.
2. Avoid water-logging, marshy and heavy rainfall areas.
3. The walls of the sheds should be 1.5 to 2 meters high.
4. The walls should be plastered to make them damp proof.
5. The roof should be 3-4 metres high.
6. The cattle shed should be well ventilated.
7. The floor should be pucca/hard, even non-slippery impervious, well sloped (3 cm per metre) and properly drained to
II. Selection of Animal :
1. Immediately after release of the loan purchase the stock from a reliable breeder or from nearest livestock market.
2.Select healthy, high yielding animals with the help of bank's technical officer, veterinary/animal husbandry officer of State government/ Zilla Parishad, etc.
3. Purchase freshly calved animals in their second/third lactation.
4. Before purchasing, ascertain actual milk yield by milking the animal three times consecutively.
5.Identify the newly purchased animal by giving suitable identification mark (ear tagging or tattooing).
6.Vaccinate the newly purchased animal against disease.
7. Keep the newly purchased animal under observation for a period of about two weeks and then mix with the general herd.
8. Purchase a minimum economical unit of two milch animals.
9. Purchase the second animal/second batch after 5-6 months from the purchase of first animal.
10.As buffaloes are seasonal calvers purchase them during July to February.
11. As far as possible purchase the second animal when the first animal is in its late stage of lactation and is about to become dry, thereby maintaining continuity in milk production vis-a-vis income. This will ensure availability of adequate funds for maintaining the dry animals.
12.Follow judicious culling and replacement of animals in a herd.
13.Cull the old animals after 6-7 lactations.
III. Feeding of Milch Animals
1 Feed the animals with best feeds and fodders. (Feeding schedule is given in Anneuxre VIII).
2. Give adequate green fodder in the ration.
3. As far as possible, grow green fodder on your land wherever available.
4. Cut the fodder at the right stage of their growth.
5. Chaff roughage before feeding.
6. Crush the grains and concentrates.
7. The oil cakes should be flaky and crumbly.
12. To estimate the daily feed requirement remember that the animals consume about 2.5 to 3.0 percent of their body weight on dry matter basis.
IV. Milking of Animals
1. Milk the animals two to three times a day.
2. Milk at fixed times.
3.Milk in one sitting within eight minutes.
4. As far as possible, milking should be done by the same person regularly.
5. Milk the animal in a clean place.
6. Wash the udder and teat with antiseptic lotions/luke-warm water and dry before milking.
7. Milker should be free from any contagious diseases and should wash his hands with antiseptic lotion before each milking.
8. Milking should be done with full hands, quickly and completely followed by stripping.
9. Sick cows/buffaloes should be milked at the end to prevent spread of infection.
V. Protection against Diseases
1.Be on the alert for signs of illness such as reduced feed intake, fever, abnormal discharge or unusual behaviour.
2. Consult the nearest veterinary aid centre for help if illness is suspected.
3.Protect the animals against common diseases.
4.In case of outbreak of contagious disease, immediately segregate the sick, in-contact and the healthy animals and take necessary disease control measures. (Vaccination schedule is given in Annexure IX).
5.Conduct periodic tests for Brucellosis, Tuberculosis, Johne's disease, Mastitis etc.
MODEL PROJECT FOR TEN ANIMAL UNIT (BUFFALOES)
A INVESTMENT COST
S.No.
Items
Specifications
Phy.units
Unit Cost (Rs./unit)
Total Cost (Rs.)
1
Cost of animals
10
8,200
8,200
2
Transportation cost of animals
10
300
3,000
3
Cost of construction of shed
Sq.ft.
650
55
35,750
4
Cost of Store cum office
Sq.ft.
200
100
20,000
5
Equipments (chaff cutter, milking pails, cans, technicians
10
500
5,000
6
Insurance
10
328
3,280
7
Fodder raising expenses @ Rs.3000/acre
2
3,000
6,000
8
Total cost
155,030
9
Margin money
(15% of total cost)
Say
23255
23330
10
Bank loan (85% of total cost)
Say
131776
131700
remain dry and clean.
8. Provide 0.25 metre broad, pucca drain at the rear of the standing space.
9. A standing space of 2 x 1.05 metre for each animal is needed.
10. The manger space should be 1.05 metre with front height of 0.5 metre and depth of 0.25 metre.
11. The corners in mangers, troughs, drains and walls should be rounded for easy cleaning.
12. Provide 5-10 sq. metre loaf space for each animal.
13.Provide proper shade and cool drinking water in summer.
14.In winter keep animals indoor during night and rain.
15. Provide individual bedding daily.
16. Maintain sanitary condition around shed.
17.Control external parasites (ticks, flies etc.) by spraying the pens, sheds with Malathion or Copper sulphate solution.
18. Drain urine into collection pits and then to the field through irrigation channels.
19.Dispose of dung and urine properly. A gobar gas plant will be an ideal way. Where gobar gas plant is not constructed, convert the dung alongwith bedding material and other farm wastes into compost.
20.Give adequate space for the animals. (The housing space requirement of crossbred cattle in various
Regards
Kirti s
